Your immune system is your body’s defense against infections, including flu, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and COVID-19, which tend to circulate more in fall and winter. These respiratory illnesses can test your immune system. You can support your defenses and lower your risk of illness by:

Getting immunized. Immunizations teach your immune system to recognize and fight germs. You need a flu shot every year. Ask your provider about RSV or COVID-19 vaccines.

Washing your hands often. Scrub for 20 seconds with soap and water. Viruses often enter the body when you touch something with germs on it and then touch your face.

Boosting your immune system. A healthy lifestyle may help. Aim for seven to nine hours of nightly sleep; exercise regularly, eat a variety of healthy foods and manage your stress levels.

Wearing a mask if you’re at high risk for respiratory illness complications.

Cleaning and disinfecting. Focus on high-touch surfaces, such as faucets, refrigerators and doorknobs.

Keeping your distance. Avoid close contact with people who have a respiratory illness.

If you get sick, stay home to avoid spreading germs

Common symptoms of a respiratory illness include fever, chills, tiredness, cough and a runny nose. Call your provider promptly if you’re at high risk for flu or COVID-19 complications and might be sick. If you test positive, you may receive antiviral medicines that can lessen the severity of your illness.

You should also seek immediate care if you or your child has signs of a respiratory virus complication, including:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Dizziness or confusion.
• Severe chest or muscle pain.
• Seizures.
• Inability to urinate.
• Fever or cough that returns or worsens.

In children, additional signs of a respiratory virus emergency include:

• Fast or troubled breathing.
• Bluish lips or face.
• Ribs that pull in with each breath.
• No tears when crying.
• Lack of alertness.

Sources: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; American Lung Association; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Library of Medicine; Occupational Safety and Health Administration