Stopping your blood pressure from climbing too high is one of the healthiest things you can do for many reasons—including that it may help lower your risk for having a stroke or developing dementia.

Over time, untreated high blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the brain, making it more likely that they will:

• Become narrowed and clogged, which reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain.
• Rupture or burst.

Both of these changes to the blood vessels can lead to stroke. Many people who have a first stroke have high blood pressure.

Some people also develop what’s called vascular dementia or vascular cognitive impairment, which can cause memory and thinking problems, after having a stroke

Keep your blood pressure down
Start by getting regular blood pressure checks by your primary care provider (PCP). High blood pressure has no symptoms. So regular testing is the only way to know where you stand. Ask your PCP if you should also check your blood pressure at home.

Blood pressure readings are given as two numbers: a top (systolic) number and a bottom (diastolic) number:

If your blood pressure is not in a healthy range, you may be able to bring it down (and possibly help protect your brain) by:

Making lifestyle changes. For instance:

• Eat a variety of healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products.
• Cut back on salt and sodium by comparing food labels.
• Keep moving. Try to get at least 150 minutes of moderately intense aerobic activity, like brisk walking, each week.
• Watch your weight. Eating healthy and exercising regularly can help you reach or maintain a healthy weight.

Taking medications. If your PCP prescribes blood pressure medicines, take them exactly as directed.

Sources: Alzheimer’s Association; American Heart Association; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services